# Built-in functions

A built-in function is an expression in which an SQL keyword or special operator executes some operation. Built-in functions use keywords or special built-in operators. Built-ins are SQL92Identifiers and are case-insensitive. Note that escaped functions like TIMESTAMPADD and TIMESTAMPDIFF are only accessible using the JDBC escape function syntax, and can be found in JDBC escape syntax.

- Standard built-in functions
- Aggregates (set functions)
- ABS or ABSVAL
- ACOS function
  The ACOS function returns the arc cosine of a specified number.
- ASIN function
  The ASIN function returns the arc sine of a specified number.
- ATAN function
  The ATAN function returns the arc tangent of a specified number.
- AVG
- BIGINT
- CAST
  The CAST function converts a value from one data type to another and provides a data type to a dynamic parameter (?) or a NULL value.
- CEIL or CEILING function
  The CEIL and CEILING functions round the specified number up, and return the smallest number that is greater than or equal to the specified number.
- CHAR
  The CHAR function returns a fixed-length character string representation.
- Concatenation
- COS function
  The COS function returns the cosine of a specified number.
- COUNT
- COUNT(*)
- CURRENT DATE
- CURRENT_DATE
- CURRENT ISOLATION
- CURRENT SCHEMA
- CURRENT TIME
- CURRENT_TIME
- CURRENT TIMESTAMP
- CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
- CURRENT_USER
- DATE
  The DATE function returns a date from a value.
- DAY
  The DAY function returns the day part of a value.
- DEGREES function
  The DEGREES function converts a specified number from radians to degrees.
- DOUBLE
- EXP function
  The EXP function returns e raised to the power of the specified number.
- FLOOR function
  The FLOOR function rounds the specified number down, and returns the largest number that is less than or equal to the specified number.
- HOUR
  The HOUR function returns the hour part of a value.
- IDENTITY_VAL_LOCAL
- INTEGER
- LCASE or LOWER
- LENGTH
- LN or LOG function
  The LN and LOG functions return the natural logarithm (base e) of the specified number.
- LOG10 function
  The LOG10 function returns the base-10 logarithm of the specified number.
- LOCATE
- LTRIM
- MAX
- MIN
- MINUTE
  The MINUTE function returns the minute part of a value.
- MOD
- MONTH
  The MONTH function returns the month part of a value.
- NULLIF and CASE expressions
  Use the CASE and NULLIF expressions for conditional expressions in Derby.
- PI function
  The PI function returns a value that is closer than any other value to pi.
- RADIANS function
  The RADIANS function converts a specified number from degrees to radians.
- RTRIM
- SECOND
  The SECOND function returns the seconds part of a value.
- SESSION_USER
- SIN function
  The SIN function returns the sine of a specified number.
- SMALLINT
- SQRT
- SUBSTR
- TAN function
  The TAN function returns the tangent of a specified number.
- SUM
- TIME
  The TIME function returns a time from a value.
- TIMESTAMP
  The TIMESTAMP function returns a timestamp from a value or a pair of values.
- UCASE or UPPER
- USER
- VARCHAR
- XMLEXISTS operator
  XMLEXISTS is an SQL/XML operator that you can use to query XML values in SQL.
- XMLPARSE operator
  XMLPARSE is a SQL/XML operator that you use to parse a character string expression into a Derby XML value.
- XMLQUERY operator
  XMLQUERY is a SQL/XML operator that you can use to query XML values in SQL.
- XMLSERIALIZE operator
  XMLSERIALIZE is a SQL/XML operator that you can use to convert an XML type to a character type. There is no other way to convert the type of a Derby XML value.
- YEAR

Parent topic: SQL language reference
Related concepts
SQL identifiers
Statements
Built-in system functions
Built-in system procedures
Data types
Related reference
Capitalization and special characters
SQL expressions